Trump’s 28-point Ukraine plan in full: What it means, could it work?

The United States has revealed each 28 points of its proposal to extremity the Russia-Ukraine warfare to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. The plan, which has been heavy criticised arsenic acold excessively favourable to Russia by galore observers, is successful its draught signifier and has yet to beryllium made public. However, a Ukrainian authoritative is understood to person provided the details to planetary media.

Here is simply a person look astatine the points and the value of this plan.

What are the 28 points of Trump’s connection for Ukraine?

1. Ukraine’s sovereignty volition beryllium confirmed.

2. A comprehensive, non-aggression statement volition beryllium concluded betwixt Russia, Ukraine and Europe. All ambiguities of the past 30 years volition beryllium considered settled.

3. It is expected that Russia volition not invade neighbouring countries and NATO volition not grow further.

4. A dialog volition beryllium held betwixt Russia and NATO, mediated by the US, to resoluteness each information issues and make conditions for de-escalation to guarantee planetary information and summation opportunities for practice and aboriginal economical development.

5. Ukraine volition person reliable information guarantees.

6. The size of the Armed Forces of Ukraine volition beryllium constricted to 600,000 personnel.

7. Ukraine agrees to enshrine successful its constitution that it volition not articulation NATO, and NATO agrees to see successful its statutes a proviso that Ukraine volition not beryllium admitted successful the future.

8. NATO agrees not to presumption troops successful Ukraine.

9. European combatant jets volition beryllium stationed successful Poland.

10. The US information warrant volition person the pursuing caveats:

• The US volition person compensation for the guarantee;
• If Ukraine invades Russia, it volition suffer the guarantee;
• If Russia invades Ukraine, successful summation to a decisive coordinated subject response, each planetary sanctions volition beryllium reinstated, designation of the caller territory and each different benefits of this woody volition beryllium revoked;
• If Ukraine launches a rocket astatine Moscow oregon Saint Petersburg without cause, the information warrant volition beryllium deemed invalid.

11. Ukraine is eligible for European Union (EU) rank and volition person short-term preferential entree to the EU marketplace portion this contented is being considered.

12. A almighty planetary bundle of measures volition beryllium provided to rebuild Ukraine, including but not constricted to:

• The instauration of a Ukraine Development Fund to put successful fast-growing industries, including technology, information centres and artificial intelligence.
• The US volition cooperate with Ukraine to jointly rebuild, develop, modernise and run Ukraine’s state infrastructure, including pipelines and retention facilities.
• Joint efforts to rehabilitate war-affected areas for the restoration, reconstruction and modernisation of cities and residential areas.
• Infrastructure development.
• Extraction of minerals and earthy resources.
• The World Bank volition make a peculiar financing bundle to accelerate these efforts.

13. Russia volition beryllium reintegrated into the planetary economy:

• The lifting of sanctions volition beryllium discussed and agreed upon successful stages and connected a case-by-case basis.
• The US volition participate into a semipermanent economical practice statement for communal improvement successful the areas of energy, earthy resources, infrastructure, artificial intelligence, information centres, uncommon world metallic extraction projects successful the Arctic, and different mutually beneficial firm opportunities.
• Russia volition beryllium invited to rejoin the G8.

14. Frozen funds volition beryllium utilized arsenic follows:

• $100bn successful frozen Russian assets volition beryllium invested successful US-led efforts to rebuild and put successful Ukraine;
• The US volition person 50 percent of the profits from this venture. Europe volition adhd $100bn to summation the magnitude of concern disposable for Ukraine’s reconstruction. Frozen European funds volition beryllium unfrozen. The remainder of the frozen Russian funds volition beryllium invested successful a abstracted US-Russian concern conveyance that volition instrumentality associated projects successful circumstantial areas. This money volition beryllium aimed astatine strengthening relations and expanding communal interests to make a beardown inducement not to instrumentality to conflict.

15. A associated American-Russian moving radical connected information issues volition beryllium established to beforehand and guarantee compliance with each provisions of this agreement.

16. Russia volition enshrine successful instrumentality its argumentation of non-aggression towards Europe and Ukraine.

17. The US and Russia volition hold to widen the validity of treaties connected the non-proliferation and power of atomic weapons, including the START I Treaty.

18. Ukraine agrees to beryllium a non-nuclear authorities successful accordance with the Treaty connected the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT).

19. The Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant volition beryllium launched nether the supervision of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and the energy produced volition beryllium distributed arsenic betwixt Russia and Ukraine, 50:50.

20. Both countries undertake to instrumentality acquisition programmes successful schools and nine aimed astatine promoting knowing and tolerance of antithetic cultures and eliminating racism and prejudice:

• Ukraine volition follow EU rules connected spiritual tolerance and the extortion of linguistic minorities.
• Both countries volition hold to abolish each discriminatory measures and warrant the rights of Ukrainian and Russian media and education.
• All Nazi ideology and activities indispensable beryllium rejected and prohibited.

21. Territories:

• Crimea, Luhansk and Donetsk volition beryllium recognised arsenic de facto Russian, including by the US.
• Kherson and Zaporizhia volition beryllium frozen on the enactment of contact, which volition mean de facto designation on the enactment of contact.
• Russia volition relinquish different agreed territories it controls extracurricular the 5 regions.
• Ukrainian forces volition retreat from the portion of Donetsk oblast that they presently control, and this withdrawal portion volition beryllium considered a neutral demilitarised buffer zone, internationally recognised arsenic territory belonging to the Russian Federation. Russian forces volition not participate this demilitarised zone.

22. After agreeing connected aboriginal territorial arrangements, some the Russian Federation and Ukraine undertake not to alteration these arrangements by force. Any information guarantees volition not use successful the lawsuit of a breach of this commitment.

23. Russia volition not forestall Ukraine from utilizing the Dnipro River for commercialized activities, and agreements volition beryllium reached connected the escaped transport of atom crossed the Black Sea.

24. A humanitarian committee volition beryllium established to resoluteness outstanding issues:

• All remaining prisoners and bodies volition beryllium exchanged connected an “all for all” basis.
• All civilian detainees and hostages volition beryllium returned, including children.
• A household reunification programme volition beryllium implemented.
• Measures volition beryllium taken to alleviate the suffering of the victims of the conflict.

25. Ukraine volition clasp elections successful 100 days.

26. All parties progressive successful this struggle volition person afloat amnesty for their actions during the warfare and hold not to marque immoderate claims oregon see immoderate complaints successful the future.

27. This statement volition beryllium legally binding. Its implementation volition beryllium monitored and guaranteed by the Peace Council, headed by President Donald J Trump. Sanctions volition beryllium imposed for violations.

28. Once each parties hold to this memorandum, the ceasefire volition instrumentality effect instantly aft some sides retreat to the agreed points to statesman implementation of the agreement.

How has Ukraine reacted to these proposals?

Zelenskyy met with US Army officials successful Kyiv connected Thursday to sermon the proposals, which person been drawn up by US and Russian officials without immoderate input from Ukraine oregon its European allies.

After the meeting, Zelenskyy said successful an address: “The American broadside presented points of a program to extremity the warfare – their vision. I outlined our cardinal principles. We agreed that our teams volition enactment connected the points to guarantee it’s each genuine.”

Zelenskyy added, “From the archetypal days of the war, we person upheld 1 precise elemental position: Ukraine needs peace. A existent bid – 1 that volition not beryllium breached by a 3rd invasion. A dignified bid – with presumption that respect our independence, our sovereignty and the dignity of the Ukrainian people.”

The Ukrainian president said that helium volition present sermon the proposals with Ukraine’s European allies.

Does this mean Ukraine and its allies volition judge the proposal?

No.

“Zelenskyy had a nuanced effect – helium said ‘We volition enactment connected it’,” Keir Giles, a Eurasia adept astatine the London governmental deliberation vessel Chatham House, told Al Jazeera.

However, helium added that agreeing to the presumption of the program successful its existent signifier would beryllium “catastrophic” for Ukraine due to the fact that of the dense concessions Kyiv is being asked to make.

While European leaders person not reacted to the 28-point plan, they person indicated that they would not judge a program that requires Ukraine to marque specified concessions.

“Ukrainians privation bid – a conscionable bid that respects everyone’s sovereignty, a durable bid that can’t beryllium called into question by aboriginal aggression,” said French Foreign Minister Jean-Noel Barrot. “But bid cannot beryllium a capitulation.”

For now, Ukraine’s allies are not commenting. European Council President Antonio Costa said that the EU has not yet been officially informed astir the US plan, truthful “it makes nary consciousness to comment” connected it.

More reactions from Europe mightiness travel starting from Saturday, erstwhile Costa and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen volition talk astatine the G20 summit.

“A 28-point program was made public. We volition sermon the concern some with European leaders and with leaders present connected the sidelines of the G20,” von der Leyen said, according to UK media.

What are Russia and the US saying astir this program now?

The US has not made details of the program public, and officials from Washington person not commented connected it.

Russia has denied that determination person been ceremonial consultations betwixt the US and Russia connected a bid plan.

“Consultations are not presently nether way. There are contacts, of course, but determination is nary process that could beryllium called consultations,” Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov said.

Meanwhile, Hungarian PM and adjacent Trump state Viktor Orban seemed to backmost the program connected Friday.

In an X post, Orban wrote that Trump’s program had “gained caller momentum”.

“The American President is simply a persistent maverick. If helium had been President astatine the time, the warfare would ne'er person breached out. It is wide that erstwhile helium sets his caput connected something, helium does not fto it go, and helium has surely acceptable his caput connected ending the Russian-Ukrainian war,” Orban wrote.

President @realDonaldTrump's bid inaugural has gained caller momentum. A 28-point bid program is connected the table, an American negotiating delegation is successful Kyiv, and expectations are precocious worldwide. The American President is simply a persistent maverick. If helium had been President astatine the time,… pic.twitter.com/J2cagATvc5

— Orbán Viktor (@PM_ViktorOrban) November 21, 2025

What bash analysts accidental astir these proposals?

Experts said the presumption of the 28-point program and however they would beryllium implemented are acold from clear.

“The presumption are unenforceable, nonsensical and vague that they cannot beryllium enforced without months of wrangling,” Giles said.

For instance, helium said, constituent 9 states that European combatant jets volition beryllium stationed successful Poland. However, it is unclear what “European” oregon “fighter jets” mean.

Giles said “European” could mean the European Union oregon European countries. “‘Fighter jets’ is simply a militarily meaningless term, which provides plentifulness of country for argument,” helium added.

How would the US beryllium ‘compensated’ for information guarantees?

It is unclear what information guarantees the US is offering Ukraine. Further details of these person not been released.

Point 10 states that the “US volition person compensation for the guarantee”. While it is unclear what the circumstantial compensation would be, experts suggest that constituent 14 whitethorn shed immoderate airy connected this.

Point 14 of the program states that $100bn successful frozen Russian assets positive $100bn from Europe would beryllium utilized for Ukraine’s reconstruction.

The program further states that the US volition person 50 percent of the profits from the reconstruction of Ukraine. It is not specified however these profits would beryllium generated.

The program besides states that remaining Russian funds would spell into a associated US-Russia concern conveyance for projects to physique ties and deter aboriginal conflict, again with small detail.

Giles said this apt refers to astir $300bn successful Russian Central Bank assets, which person been frozen by the US and European countries since Russia’s penetration of Ukraine successful February 2022.

In October this year, EU leaders suggested a “reparations plan” nether which it would usage frozen Russian assets to lend Ukraine $164bn to bargain European weapons, and for reconstruction.

Giles said that the constituent astir Russian frozen assets was apt deliberately added by negotiators from Moscow due to the fact that “Russia has already written disconnected frozen assets abroad, and present is dangling that arsenic a carrot successful beforehand of the US”.

Giles added that, according to earlier plans, however, “those funds were expected to rebuild Ukraine”.

However, present we don’t cognize whether the reconstruction volition beryllium of a “free Ukraine oregon Russian efforts of Russification successful occupied Ukraine”, helium said.

Would the connection springiness Russia amnesty for warfare crimes?

Point 26 of the program states that each parties progressive successful the struggle volition person “full amnesty for their actions during the war”.

In March 2023, the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued an arrest warrant for Russian President Vladimir Putin implicit the amerciable deportation of children from Ukraine to Russia.

The US cannot unilaterally assistance amnesty to an idiosyncratic convicted of warfare crimes by an planetary organisation.

“Writing disconnected the war, pretending it ne'er happened, rolling backmost sanctions and ignoring warfare crimes is conscionable 1 of the elements of this draught database wherever the US is assuming the practice of the remainder of the world,” Giles said.

He added that a ample fig of countries crossed the satellite powerfully judge successful planetary law, and are apt to propulsion backmost connected this point.

“If a dialog similar this were to beryllium enforced, past it is the US endorsing the seizure of territory done unfastened arms aggression, and it volition beryllium encouragement to different aggressors astir the satellite that they person the US blessing,” Giles warned.

What territory would Ukraine person to concede?

The program says that Crimea, Luhansk and Donetsk would beryllium considered Russian territory.

Donetsk and Luhansk are collectively called the Donbas region.

Crimea was seized by Russia from Ukraine successful 2014 and remains a substance of dispute.

According to the Institute for the Study of War, overall, Ukraine inactive controls 14.5 percent of the territory successful the Donbas, including parts of Donetsk astir the cities of Sloviansk and Kramatorsk.

Russia besides controls 75 percent of Zaporizhia and Kherson successful confederate Ukraine, bordering the Black Sea. The program says that the existent conflict lines volition beryllium frozen successful these regions.

(Al Jazeera)

How would Russia beryllium brought backmost into the planetary fold?

Parts of the connection purpose to bring Russia retired of the isolation imposed connected it by the Western satellite since it started the Ukraine war.

Point 12 states that Russia volition beryllium invited to rejoin the G8.

The G8 – currently the G7 – was an unofficial forum for the leaders of 8 large industrialised nations: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the US.

Russia was portion of the G8 but was ejected pursuing the annexation of Crimea successful 2014.

The program besides mentions the constitution of a US-Russian concern conveyance that would instrumentality associated projects successful circumstantial areas. However, further details astir this person not been revealed.

The program besides mentions the enactment of a associated US-Russian moving radical connected information issues to guarantee compliance with the plan.

Will the connection extremity the warfare successful Ukraine?

Analysts are doubtful. “This statement is not going anyplace – akin to the erstwhile ones,” Giles said.

He called it “another iteration of the merry-go-round that we’ve been connected galore times before”.

He said helium believes the program volition person pushback from Ukraine and Europe, which volition privation to negociate changes.